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the Rammstein Mystery: Analysing songtexts with R (1)

 When we take a look at the most frequent words with a wordcloud (wordmax =20), having eliminated the stopwords, the most evident ones describe elementary states: "Lust", "Kälte", "Licht", "Mann"  Within this list, "Liebe" could be surprising, being or not being an elementary state? "Herz" of symbolic quality. "America" only appears in one song.

Numerically, it looks like this:

feature frequency docfreq      relative frequency   relative ranking

1 liebe 46              11                0.63428098                1

2 mann 45             11                 0.46447375                6

3 gut     44             18                 0.48527064                4

4 komm 43             9

5 ja        43             12 

6 immer 42            19                 0.50531695                3

7 sonne 42             15                 0.45047007

8 nacht 41             18 

9 licht 39                 25                 0.46691763                5

10 lust 37             8                        0.45877258                8

The impression changes if we do not eliminate stopwords. In this case, the most important word is "ich". 

"ich" indeed appears 523 times in 66 of the 92 documents, much more often than "liebe" with 46 appearances in only 11 documents. 

Together, the list with stopwords with the entire wordbag give a first impression of what Rammstein texts are about.


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A Word Never Comes Alone. A Glance at Cooccurences

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"Ich" and "du" as stopwords?

Usually, text analyzing programs consider "ich" ("I", "me") a stopword, a functional word without special meaning.  This is due to the fact that grammars categorize "ich" as a pronoun. But, as Eugen Coseriu stated in his book "Introduction to the linguistics of texts" (German edition 1985), this does not correspond to the real use of this word.  While "he" in  "Ralf is tired. He will go to bed soon"  is a substitute, i.e. pro-noun, for "Ralf", "I" in  "Ralf is tired. I am going to bed"  is not.  The "I " here is understood as reference to a second person. T he same is true of  "du "  ( "you " ).  "Ich " and  "Du ",  these two words have a deictic function, they indicate somebody. Hence, we should not treat them as functional words or eliminate them as stopwords. Especially in literary texts, which have, according not only to Habermas (198

Rammstein read by the machine (3): Liebe lieben

  As   we have seen , love ("liebe") is, once the stopwords are eliminated,  the most frequent feature in Rammstein texts. Among all the nouns indicating elementary states and matters, like "Wasser", "Sonne", "Licht" and "Lust", "Love" looks surprising. Usually, we do not consider love an elementary feeling. Rammstein, as far as it seems, do. But still, we have to be cautious, as we do not even know whether the feature"liebe" corresponds to a noun or to a verb.  With a case-sensitive context research we obtain "Liebe"   28 times  "liebe"   18 occurrences. In "was ich liebe" (2019): "ich liebe nicht, dass ich was liebe", in "OK" (2019): "ich liebe dich, wenn du mich lässt". In the same song, we hear "was sich liebt, das darf sich lecken". Various forms of the same verb, which are counted separately. We can check them, one by one, and get: 0 "li